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Neoplasticism Art Movement |
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Neoplasticism, also known as De Stijl, was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by Theo van Doesburg. It consisted of artists and architects who advocated pure abstraction and universality through a reduction to the essentials of form and color. They simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal lines, using only black, white, and primary colors. |
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Neoplasticism Art Movement
Neoplasticism, also known as De Stijl, was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by Theo van Doesburg. It consisted of artists and architects who advocated pure abstraction and universality through a reduction to the essentials of form and color. They simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal lines, using only black, white, and primary colors.
De Stijl is also the name of a journal published by Theo van Doesburg that served to propagate the group's theories. Along with van Doesburg, the principal members were Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszár, Bart van der Leck, Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff, and J. J. P. Oud. The artistic philosophy that formed a basis for the group's work is known as Neoplasticism—the new plastic art or Nieuwe Beelding in Dutch.
Neoplasticism posited the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with a strong asymmetricality; the predominant use of pure primary colors with black and white; and the relationship between positive and negative elements in an arrangement of non-objective forms and lines. The name De Stijl is supposedly derived from Gottfried Semper's Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen Künsten oder Praktische Ästhetik (1861–3), which Curl suggests was mistakenly believed to advocate materialism and functionalism.
Neoplasticism sought ultimate simplicity and abstraction, both in architecture and painting, by using only straight horizontal and vertical lines and rectangular forms. Furthermore, their formal vocabulary was limited to the primary colors, red, yellow, and blue, and the three primary values, black, white, and grey. The works avoided symmetry and attained aesthetic balance by the use of opposition. This element of the movement embodies the second meaning of stijl: "a post, jamb or support"; this is best exemplified by the construction of crossing joints, most commonly seen in carpentry.
Neoplasticism was influenced by Cubist painting as well as by the mysticism and the ideas about "ideal" geometric forms (such as the "perfect straight line") in the neoplatonic philosophy of mathematician M. H. J. Schoenmaekers. The De Stijl movement was also influenced by Neopositivism.
Painting by 'Theo Van Doesburg' : Study for Simultaneous compositions XXII (Link to Painting) is an example of Neoplasticism art, which measures 7 x 6 cm and is located in the Kröller-Müller Museum (Otterlo, Netherlands). It was created using pencil and is a study for simultaneous compositions.
Painting by 'Theo Van Doesburg' : Studie voor Contra compositie XX (Link to Painting) is another example of Neoplasticism art, which measures 5 x 5 cm and is located in the Kröller-Müller Museum (Otterlo, Netherlands). It was created using Indian ink and is a study for contra compositions.
Painting by 'Theo Van Doesburg' : Studie voor Contra compositie XXI (Link to Painting) is yet another example of Neoplasticism art, which also measures 5 x 5 cm and is located in the Kröller-Müller Museum (Otterlo, Netherlands). It was created using Indian ink and is a study for contra compositions.
Painting by 'Fritz Glarner' : Relational Painting, Tondo -36 (Link to Painting) is an example of Neoplasticism art in the form of a relational painting, which measures 36 cm in diameter and is located in a private collection. It was created using oil on board.
Painting by 'Piet Mondrian' : Quadro nº 2 (Link to Painting) is an example of Neoplasticism art, which measures 30 x 40 cm and is located in a private collection. It was created using oil on canvas.
Neoplasticism had a significant impact on modern art and continues to influence artists today. The movement's principles of simplicity, abstraction, and the use of primary colors and forms can be seen in various contemporary art movements such as Minimalism, Color Field painting, and Hard-edge painting.
The Kröller-Müller Museum (Link to Museum) in Otterlo, Netherlands, has an extensive collection of Neoplasticism art and is a must-visit for anyone interested in learning more about this movement.
In conclusion, Neoplasticism was a revolutionary art movement that sought to simplify visual compositions to their essentials by using only vertical and horizontal lines and primary colors. The movement had a significant impact on modern art and continues to influence artists today.
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