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The Neo Byzantine Art Movement |
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Neo-Byzantine architecture, also known as Byzantine Revival, is a revival movement that emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of the 19th century. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and the Exarchate of Ravenna.... |
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The Neo Byzantine Art Movement
Neo-Byzantine architecture, also known as Byzantine Revival, is a revival movement that emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of the 19th century. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and the Exarchate of Ravenna.
Russian Empire
In the Russian Empire, Neo-Byzantine architecture became a vehicle of Orthodox expansion on the frontiers of Empire (Congress Poland, Crimea, the Caucasus). The Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia in the interwar period. Sophia Cathedral in Pushkin (1782–1788) was the earliest and isolated experiment with Byzantine treatment of otherwise neoclassical structures. In 1830s Nicholas I of Russia promoted the so-called Russo-Byzantine style of churches designed by Konstantin Thon. True Byzantine art, popularized by Grigory Gagarin and David Grimm, was adopted by Alexander II of Russia as the de facto official style of the Orthodox Church. Byzantine architecture became a vehicle of Orthodox expansion on the frontiers of Empire (Congress Poland, Crimea, the Caucasus). However, few buildings were completed in the reign of Alexander II due to financial troubles. Alexander III changed state preference in favor of Russian Revival trend based on 16th-17th century Moscow and Yaroslavl tradition, yet Byzantine architecture remained a common choice, especially for large cathedrals. Neo-Byzantine cathedrals concentrated in the western provinces (Poland, Lithuania), the Army bases in Caucasus and Central Asia, the Cossack hosts and the industrial region in Urals around the city of Perm. Architects David Grimm and Vasily Kosyakov developed a unique national type of a single-dome Byzantine cathedral with four symmetrical pendentive apses that became de facto standard in 1880s-1890s.
Southeastern Europe
In Southeastern Europe, the Bulgarian Neo-Byzantine style from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century is often a combination of Byzantine, typical Bulgarian, Eastern Orthodox and Secession/ Art Nouveau/ Modernisme elements. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia (1882-1912); Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Varna (1882-1885); Faculty of Theology (Sofia University) (1908-1912) are some examples.
Byzantine Art
Byzantine art comprises the body of artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. A number of contemporary states with the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire were culturally influenced by it without actually being part of it, such as Kievan Rus', the Republic of Venice, the Kingdom of Sicily, Serbia and Bulgaria. After the fall of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 1453, art produced by Eastern Orthodox Christians living in the Ottoman Empire was often called "post-Byzantine." Certain artistic traditions that originated in the Byzantine Empire, particularly in regard to icon painting and church architecture, are maintained in Greece, Cyprus, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day.
Neo-Dada
Neo-Dada was a movement with audio, visual and literary manifestations that had similarities in method or intent with earlier Dada artwork. It sought to close the gap between art and daily life, and was a combination of playfulness, iconoclasm, and appropriation. In the United States the term was popularized by Barbara Rose in the 1960s and refers primarily, although not exclusively, to work created in that and the preceding decade. There was also an international dimension to the movement, particularly in Japan and in Europe, serving as the foundation of Fluxus, Pop Art and Nouveau réalisme.
- Neo-Dada has been exemplified by its use of modern materials, popular imagery, and absurdist contrast.
- It was a reaction to the personal emotionalism of Abstract Expressionism and, taking a lead from the practice of Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters, denied traditional concepts of aesthetics.
Neo-Byzantine architecture [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture]
Russian Empire [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire]
Sophia Cathedral in Pushkin [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Cathedral,_Pushkin]
Neo-Byzantine school [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture#Russian_Empire]
Bulgarian Neo-Byzantine style [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_Neo-Byzantine_style]
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Sofia]
Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Varna [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God_Cathedral,_Varna]
Faculty of Theology
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