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The Early Netherlandish Art Movement |
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Early Netherlandish painting, also known as the Flemish Primitives, is a significant art movement that originated in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th and 16th centuries. This period marked the beginning of the Northern Renaissance, which was characterized by an independent artistic evolution separate from the humanism that dominated developments in Italy (Early Netherlandish painting). |
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The Early Netherlandish Art Movement
Early Netherlandish painting, also known as the Flemish Primitives, is a significant art movement that originated in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th and 16th centuries. This period marked the beginning of the Northern Renaissance, which was characterized by an independent artistic evolution separate from the humanism that dominated developments in Italy (Early Netherlandish painting).
The Early Netherlandish art movement flourished especially in cities such as Bruges, Ghent, Mechelen, Leuven, Tournai, and Brussels, all located in present-day Belgium. The major artists of this period include Robert Campin (Master of Flemalle), Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Dieric Bouts, Petrus Christus, Hans Memling, Hugo van der Goes, and Hieronymus Bosch. These artists made significant advances in natural representation and illusionism, with their work typically featuring complex iconography (Early Netherlandish painting).
The Early Netherlandish art movement is known for its religious scenes or small portraits, with narrative painting or mythological subjects being relatively rare. Landscape is often richly described but relegated as a background detail before the early 16th century. The painted works are generally oil on panel, either as single works or more complex portable or fixed altarpieces in the form of diptychs, triptychs, or polyptychs (Early Netherlandish painting).
The first generations of artists were active during the height of Burgundian influence in Europe, when the Low Countries became the political and economic center of Northern Europe, noted for its crafts and luxury goods. Assisted by the workshop system, panels and a variety of crafts were sold to foreign princes or merchants through private engagement or market stalls (Early Netherlandish painting).
The Early Netherlandish art movement is also noted for its sculpture, tapestries, illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, and carved retables. However, a majority of the works were destroyed during waves of iconoclasm in the 16th and 17th centuries; today only a few thousand examples survive (Early Netherlandish painting).
The art historians of the 19th and 20th centuries, including Max J. Friedländer and Erwin Panofsky, spent significant time studying Early Netherlandish painting, attributing works, analyzing iconography, and establishing bare outlines of even the major artists' lives (Early Netherlandish painting).
Some of the most significant Early Netherlandish paintings include:
Painting by 'Gerard David' : The Virgin and Child 1 (Link to painting)
Painting by 'Rogier Van Der Weyden' : St. Ivo (Link to painting)
Painting by 'Robert Campin (Master Of Flemalle)' : Virgin Mary (Link to painting)
Painting by 'Robert Campin (Master Of Flemalle)' : The Annunciation (Link to painting)
Painting by 'Robert Campin (Master Of Flemalle)' : Saint Barbara (Link to painting)
These paintings are excellent examples of the Early Netherlandish art movement's focus on natural representation, illusionism, and complex iconography. They showcase the movement's unique style and contribute significantly to the understanding of this important period in art history (Early Netherlandish painting).
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